Problem solving
It is said that, in life people get 90 percent opportunities and face 10 percent of problems and difficulties. The opportunities are neglected and only the problems are concentrated. The researchers suggest that the goal has to be concentrated primarily rather than a problem itself.
The Gestalt psychologist Karl Duncker defined a problem as, "A problem arises when a living creature has a goal but does not know how this goal is to be reached. Whenever one cannot go from the given situation to the desired situation simply by action, then there has to be recourse to thinking. Such thinking has the task of devising some action, which may mediate between the existing and desired situations".
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Some of the problems solving techniques are discussed below.
Brainstorming: (especially among groups of people) suggesting a large number of solutions or ideas and combining and developing them until an optimum solution is found
Divide and conquer: breaking down a large, complex problem into smaller, solvable problems
Means-ends analysis: choosing an action at each step to move closer to the goal
Lateral thinking: approaching solutions indirectly and creatively
Research: employing existing ideas or adapting existing solutions to similar problems
Root cause analysis: identifying the cause of a problem
Trial-and-error: testing possible solutions until the right one is found
The problem solving steps are defined by the technique being implemented.
The steps used in brainstorming technique are as follows:
1. Define the Problem
2. Brainstorm Ideas
3. Decide on a Solution
4. Implement the Solution
5. Review the Results
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